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Mouse CCL2 shares significant amino acid identity with CCL2 from other species, including 82% with rat CCL2 and varying percentages with human, equine, porcine, bovine, and canine CCL2. This conservation across species underscores the importance of CCL2 in immune response pathways. Mouse CCL2 is produced by various cell types, including fibroblasts, glioma cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and mononuclear phagocytes, with monocytes and macrophages being the major sources. In the industrial sector, particularly in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, CCL2 holds significant value due to its role in modulating immune responses. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and allergic asthma. This makes CCL2 a potential target for therapeutic intervention in these conditions. Industrial applications also extend to the development of drugs that can modulate CCL2 activity, which can influence leukocyte infiltration and subsequent inflammatory responses.
Furthermore, CCL2's role in neuroinflammation and its potential as a therapeutic target have been explored in studies, indicating its importance in the field of neurodegenerative disease research and treatment. The ability of CCL2 to modulate cytokine production in mouse astrocytes suggests a novel immunomodulatory role for this chemokine in acute neuroinflammation, which could have implications for therapeutics targeting CCL2-mediated leukocyte infiltration following traumatic brain injury （TBI）.