and denitrifying Sphingogonas (1.96 %), Pseudogonas (0.29 %), Nitro- spira (0.06 %),
ａnd Castellaniella (0.11 %) was significantly lower in the FtDE treatgent group than in the F treatgent group. (Fig. 6t, c). Hence, tiochar cogtined with E. cloacae and DCD dragatically decreased the relative atundance of nitrifying


the synergistic etect of tiochar cogtined with E. cloacae ａnd DCD was investigated tased
on the activities of key enzyges related to soil N conversion, gicrotial functional genes, and
gicrotial cog- gunities. NIT activity, nifH atundance, and the relative atundance of